Incandescent-electric-light bulb



March 31, 1931, s LYMAN INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LIGHT BULB Filed Aug. 5,1927 2 Sheets-Sheet l avweutoz :I n1 a 11/ A d 711 a L 35x3 a-btowmg firL March 31, 1931. s. LYMAN INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LIGHT BULB 2Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 5, 1927 lA/Sl/LA TED FROM 5/] SE .Z M 4 w 0 W6 m/ M NFML v 8 H m M M 6 n? S 5 43m .6 II/ m wmM /Z a 4 4s a w PatentedMar; 31, 1931 UNITED STATES SAMUEL LYMAN, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORKINCANDESCENT-ELEC'IBIC-LIGHT BULB Application filed August 5, 1927.Serial No. 210,868.

My invention relates to improvements in electric light bulbs; preferablyof the incandescent type, to be used for electric signs, automobilelights, decorative lamps and in many other Ways for commercial as Wellas private use, and it is the principal object of my invention toprovide such bulbs in which the power of the electric light rays is mosteconomically used to fullest extent with the least loss of effectiverays.

Another object of my invention is the provision of electric light bulbsof any shape, make and color in which the reflecting surface is made ofany suitable reflecting material and is either arranged on the outsideor inside of the bulb; and if provided on the outside, an insulatingspace of a dimension and material is provided suitable to prevent injuryto persons by shocks when they acci- 53f, dentally touch the mirroredsurface While being in contact with another conductor of electricity.

A further object of my invention is the .provision of an electricincandenscent lamp 2; bulb in which the mirrored or silvered reflectingsurface is arranged in many different ways as for instance to cover theupper or the lower part of the bulb, one side thereof, the greater partof the bulb, or constituting a laterally disposed band, or twolongitudinally extending intersecting bands, or one vertically guidedband, or in any other desired and suitable way.

A still further object of my invention is the provision of a, silveredor mirrored incandescentelectric light bulb, equipped at its bottom witha rim or part of a non-reflecting material in order to-avoid waste ofvaluwlth a bulb of different shape with the silver able light rays whichare in the usual lamp 4o bulbs reflected forth and back between thebottom and the tip of the bulb without being thrown to the outside.

It is furthermore, also one of the objects of my invention to make thereflection of the light rays by the silvered parts most effective bycarrying the silvering into the bulb to avoid dark spots in the lnsideof the same near the socket covering the filament holder tube either onthe outside or inside of the bulb with a ret acting material, and in thelatter case, providing a suitable insulation preventing any part of thefilament from touching the silvered surface to avoid short circuits.

Itis also one of the objects of my invention to provide incandescentelectric light bulbs having the unmirrored or unsilvered parts thereofmade of clear glass or colored Iglass, so that one, two, three, four ormore elds are created through which the light rays are reflected inorder to give highly ornamental and pleasant light effects fordecorative purposes as for instance on Christmas tree or otherornaments.

It is furthermore also one of the objects of m invention to provideincandescent electric light bulbs in which the silvered or mirroredportions are constituted by flowers, birds, etc., in order to createhighly decorative light effects.

These and other objects and advantages of my invention will be morefully described as the description thereof proceeds, and will then bespecifically defined in the appended claims.

This invention also relates to improvements 1n incandescent light bulbsthe base of which is equipped with a spring to ensure at all times aproper electric connection if for instance it is desired to rotate thebulb in order to focus the light rays upon a desired object at a certainlocality, as for instance in electric signs etc.

n the accompanying drawings, forming a material part of this disclosure:

Figure 1 illustrates a modified form of the bulb shown in Figure 12.

Figure 2 is a side elevation of such a lamp ing at the lower partthereof.

Figure 2a illustrates a modified form of the bulb shown in Figure 2.

Figure 3 is a side elevation of a lamp with the silvering coverin thelarger part of the lamp and the bulb having astill different shape.

Figure 4 is a side elevation of another modification of my inventionwith the silvering covering one side of the bulb from the tip to thebase. i

top

Figure 4a illustrates a modified form of the bulb shown in Figure 4.

Figure 5 illustrates a lamp bulb in which the silvering appears asa'median band encircling the bulb.

Figure 6shows another modification of my invention with a'plurality' ofdecorations.

Figure 7 illustrates a lamp bulb with the mirror band extending from thetip around the bottom to the tip again on the opposite side thereof.

Figure 8 is a modification of the form illustrated in Figure 7 leavingan insulating space near the tip.

Figure 9 is a bottom plan view thereof.

Figure 10 shows a still further modification of my lamp bulb with themirrored part in two intersecting strips constituting at the bottom partof the bulb the form'of a cross.

Figure 11 shows in side elevation, artly in section, a modified form inwhidli the silvering or mirror extends into the bulb to cover part ofthe filament holder tube.

Fi re 12 shows an incandescent lamp according to my invention.

Figure 13 shows in sectional view the extension of the mirrored partinto the lamp socket.

As illustrated in Figure 1, the customary lamp bulb 10 having the usualbase 11, has its upper part mirrored or covered by alight reflectingsubstance 12, which may be a plied at the outside or inside of the bulb.f the silvered part is at the outside of the bulb, an insulating space13 of about A,", more or less, according to voltage should be left toavoid accidental shocking of persons.

The location of the filament 14 which is preferably of horse-shoe-shape,which however may ust as well have any other preferred and customaryshape, is either as shown as close as possible to the base of the bulbwithin the shaded part thereof or may extend to the middle of the sameor to near the bottom end thereof. The glass of the bulb may either beclear or in any preferred color or colors. The silvering may also cover,instead of the u per part of the bulb only, the major part 0 the samewithout dearture from my invention, in which case the bottom openingleaves just a passage for the light rays to pass. This bulb may be usedfor many urposes, as for instance automobile head lig its, electricsigns, flash lights, in short all standard lights, and the silveredportion near the upper end of the bulb will throw the light rays in themanner of a reflector. through'the clear part of the bulb straightahead, so as not to waste any of the light rays to make the lamp asefiicient as possible.

As illustrated in Figure 2, a modified form of bulb 15 preferably of thecommonly used lamp ty e, has its lower part silvered. or mirrors as at16, with the filament 17 ex- Also this lamp may be used with clear orcolored glass and for any suitable ur oses. J As shown in Figure 2a, thebulb as a mirrored part 18 while the bottom of the bulb is'covered by anon-reflecting material indicated at 19. This. is done by properfilament adjustment as shown in lgures 1, 2, and 6 for the purpose ofpreventing any loss of reflecting light raysby throwing the lightvertically forth and back between tip or socketand bottom and thusallowin the reflection of all useful rays through t e clear glass, so asnot to lose any of the light effects.

As shown in Figure 3, the bulb 20 has a shape different from the bulbsin Figures 1, 2, and 2a, and has the greater part of its surfacemirrored, as at 21, to leave at the bottom of the bulb a s ace of clearglass designated 22 through which the light rays are focused. Thefilament 23 of this bulb may extend within the silvered part close tothe clear space or may have any other suitable length, in order toreflect the concentrated light rays efliciently through the bottom ofthe bulb. In the formof my invention illustrated'in Figure 4, the bulb24 is silvered, as at 25, on a ortion to one side of its longitudinalmedian ine extending from the socket 26 to the bottom of the bulb, andif the silvered portion is provided on the outside of the bulb, also 1nthe form, a suitable insulating space 27 must be left in order toprotect injury to persons, accidentally touchmg the 'silvered surfaceand any conductin part, from shocks, etc.

The filament 27 in this form of my inven-' tion is brought down as closeas ossible to the end of the bulb in order to lett e reflector reflectits rays to the side or up and down in the most efiicient way, or it maybe either arranged in the center or u and down or as close as possibleto the re ecting surface.

In Fi ure 4a the form of bulb illustrated in Figure has its baseequipped with a spring 28 in order not to interrupt the current when thebulb is to be adjusted so as to turn its clear face upon an object inany direction desired or require particularly when used with electricsigns etc.

In the form of m invention illustrated in Figure 5, the bulb 8. has themirrored art in the form of a band encirclin the ulb laterally inapproximately the cen r thereof to throw the 'ght rays from an filament,preferably one extending to opposite the mirrored part in all directionsthrough the clear In my bulb 30, illustrated in Figure 6, the mirroredeffect is produced by silvered birds 31, flowers or any other decorativeor allegoric figures for ornamental purposes, any suitable filament maybe used in this lamp.

In the form of my invention illustrated in Figures 7 8, and 9, the bulb32 has a mirrored band 33 encircling the bulb in vertical direction asa. band of any desired Width and either ending close to the base, if themirrored band is provided inside of the bulb, or spaced from the base byan insulating space indicated at 34, if it is arranged on the outside ofthe bulb in order to avoid accidental shocks and eventual injury topersons touching the mirrored surface and a conductor. The mirroredsurface may also be covered entirely by any suitable insulatingmaterial. The glass of this bulb may also be clear or colored in anysuitable manner to suit the occasion and requirement.

In Figure 10, I have shown a light bulb 35 of any desired shape andcolor having mirrored bands 36 and 37 encircling the bulb on the outsideor inside thereof to leave four fields through which the light rays maybe reflected which may be vari-colored or clear according to selectionin order to produce pleasing color effects so desirable for instancewith lights for decorative purposes as for instance on Christmas treesetc.

In Figure 11 I have shown the bulb 38 having a mirrored or silvered part39 extending over the upper outer face of the bulb and into the same tocover the outer face of the glass tube 40 surrounding the filamentholder 41 for the filament 42. It will be clear that the mirrored partmay also extend, as shown in Figure 12, to the inside of the filamentstem tube either partly or to the end of the stem, in which case aproper insulation for the filaments, indicated at 43, must be providedin order to avoid short-circuits.

In Figure 18 the extension of the mirrored surface into a lamp base 44is illustrated as at 45, and in this case the same is entirely coveredby an insulating substance.

It will be clear from the above description, that I have'created in thismanner an incandescent electric light bulb, the silvered or mirroredpart of which may either be arranged on the outside or the inside of thebulb and when arranged on the outside of the bulb is insulated by aproperly acting insulating material of more or less width and form asfor instance a ring, or any other'suitable shape preventing injury topersons b shocks and an insulation which, when exten ing into the baseetc., is insulated therefrom to prevent short circuiting of the lamp.

The bulbs according to my invention will;

reflect all useful light rays strongly to the outside without any lossof useful rays while color efiects can be obtained thereby of anydesired constellation thus making my lamp especially well adapted forornamental and decorative purposes. A positive conducting of the currentis at alLtimes ensured by the spring mounted base, and while I haveshown this arrangement with' one form only it will be clear, that thesame may be used with all the forms illustrated, so that the lamps maybe turned in order to direct their rays at anydesired point. It will belikewise evident that any kind of filament may be used, and that thedimensions of the same, may be selected according to occasion to suitthe special purpose.

It is to be understood that while I have shown and described some of thepreferred forms of my invention, as examples ofthe many ways in which myinvention may be practically constructed,'I do not wish to limit myselfto the exact constructions disclosed but wish to reserve my right tomake such changes in my lamps as come within the scope of the appendedclaims without departure from the spirit of the invention and theprinciples involved.

It will be evident that the reflecting surfaces to be used on the top,bottom or side of the bulbs can be made in spider form or circular by anarrangement of a plurality of concentric circles or by arranging arectangular or other angular figure within the spider,'to many timesincrease the reflecting efi'ect.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is 1. In an incandescent electric'light bulb, abase, a reentrant portion in said base, a silvered reflecting surface onthe reentrant upper portion of the base section of the bulb and carriedthereon to the filament holder.

2. In an incandescent electric light bulb comprising an exhaust stem, areentrant tube surrounding the latter and a silvered reflecting surfaceon the reentrant upper portion of the base section of the bulb andcarried thereon'to the stem and insulation to separate said surface fromthe filament on said stem and said base of said bulb.

3. An electric incandescent lamp comprising a bulb, a filament stem, areentrant upper portion formed within said bulb, a silvered layer onsaid bulb, and a silvered layer carried on said reentrant upper portion,both silvered layers separated by a non-silvered portion of the bulbconstituting aninsulation.

4. An electric incandescent lamp comprising a bulb, a filament holder, atube surrounding said holder, a silvered surface extending over part ofthe outer face of said bulb, a reentrant upper portion formed withinsaid bulb, a silvered layer surface carried by said reentrant portion onthe outer and inner face thereof, both silvered sur- '4 means facesseparated by a norf-silvered portion of the bulb constituting aninsulation.

6. An electric incandescent lamp comprising a bulb a filament holdertherein a reentrant u per portion formed with said bulb a silvers layeron art of the outside of said bulb, a silvered ayer on the outside ofsaid reentrant portion, both silvered layers separated by insulation,and a covering of non-reflecting material for the outer face of thelower part of said bulb for stopping reflection in said bulb.

6. In an incandescent electric li ht bulb, a base, a reentrant portionin sai base, a 5 reflecting surface on the outer side of the bulb, and areflecting surface on the reentrant upper portion' of the base sectionof said bulb, the surface on said reentrant upper portion separated byan insulation from 29 the surface on the outer side of said bulb. Signedat New York in the county of New York and State of New York.

SAMUEL LYMAN.

